• Having generated synthetic cytokines and synthetic cytokine

  2019-07-15

  

  Having generated synthetic cytokines and synthetic cytokine receptors, the logical next step has been to design fully synthetic cytokine/cytokine receptor systems, modifying either cytokine/cytokine receptor binding interfaces or cytokine-unrelated combinations of substances and their binding domain

• Pyrazolopyrimidines are bioisostere of purine exhibit promis

  2019-07-15

  

  Pyrazolopyrimidines are bioisostere of purine exhibit promising antitumor activity by competitively binding to the ATP active site of different kinase AG-490 [16,17]. Several compounds of this family were found to induce apoptosis and/or reduce cell proliferation in various solid tumour and leukaemi

• Cubic equations of state CEoS are particularly popular due t

  2019-07-15

  

  Cubic equations of state (CEoS) are particularly popular due to their simplicity and relatively good accuracy in predicting vapour-liquid equilibrium and liquid-liquid equilibrium for small, non-polar, non-associating molecules, such as light hydrocarbons. CEoS can match the phase boundaries (L/LL a

• Selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type PDE I is commo

  2019-07-15

  

  Selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5I) is commonly used for ED treatment. PDE5I exhibits its vasodilatory effect by inhibiting the degradation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), which relaxes the smooth muscle and allows increased blood flow for penile tumescence. Udenafil (D

• We experienced difficulties in observing maturation of hESC

  2019-07-15

  

  We experienced difficulties in observing maturation of hESC retinas in rd1 mice even with immunosuppression, but with NOG-rd1-2J mice the transplanted hESC retinas consistently developed mature ONL with rod and cone opsins. Furthermore, graft photoreceptors show signs of developing IS/OS structures

• Apoptosis type I programmed cell death is considered

  2019-07-15

  

  Apoptosis, type I programmed cell death, is considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of various liver diseases, such as autoimmune hepatitis [[5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]] and hepatocellular carcinoma [11,12]. Apoptosis is activated by a variety of extrinsic or intrinsic pathways factors. Prev

• Enzyme mimics belong to a type of rising catalysts which

  2019-07-15

  

  Enzyme mimics belong to a type of rising catalysts which show the similar function with their corresponding natural enzymes [20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], although their structures are different from natural enzymes. In the area of prodrug activation, the widely-used enzyme mimics a

• Schaftoside The human MARCH family comprises eleven

  2019-07-15

  

  The human MARCH family comprises eleven members (termed MARCH-1 to 11), of which nine are transmembrane proteins. In this review, we focus on the role of the membrane-spanning MARCH proteins and how their transmembrane regions can mediate interactions with their target proteins. Therefore, the cytos

• br STAR Methods br Author Contributions br Acknowledgments T

  2019-07-15

  

  STAR★Methods Author Contributions Acknowledgments The authors thank Monika Kuhn for excellent technical assistance and Dr. Antje Schäfer for valuable scientific input. H.S. was supported by the DFG (FZ 82; Graduate School of Life Sciences and SCHI 425-6/1), and A.V.S. by Northwestern Univer

• The differences between ground and transition state properti

  2019-07-15

  

  The differences between ground and transition state properties are exemplified by a comparison of our human–yeast results with those of a structural study of possible differences in ubiquitin-Uba-1 binding in yeast (known structure) with human (simulated in [12]). Their discussion focuses on Ubiquit

• PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is known

  2019-07-13

  PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is known in modulating cell apoptotic process (Saurus et al., 2015). To study the contribution of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in ERRγ-mediated anti-apoptotic effect in podocytes, we examined phosphorylation of Akt and expression of PI3K subunits p110α and p85α via qRT-PCR and/or Western blotting following the transfection of ERRγ plasmid.

• Nucleophosmin (NPM1), which also

  2019-07-12

  Nucleophosmin (NPM1), which also plays a role on the nuclear export of ribosomal proteins and subunits (Maggi et al., 2008), is also a relevant MYC target, presumably through an interaction with CRM1. Conversely, it has been recently reported that specific SINE compounds reduce the levels of MYC in MM Berberine (Tai et al., 2014) and MCL (Tabe et al., 2013).

• AMD3100 is equally active against a broad

  2019-07-11

  AMD3100 is equally active against a broad range of HIV-1 and HIV-2 strains, but not against simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) strains in human PBMC (De Clercq et al., 1994). At this moment it is not clear what coreceptor SIV is using in human PBMC, but it does not seem to be CXCR-4 (Feng et al., 1996). There are some unpublished data mentioning that SIV is using CCR-5 as the coreceptor to enter the target CC-4047 (Trkola et al., 1996, Wu et al., 1996). This may explain why the bicyclams are not active against SIV in human PBMC.

• It is well established that Shp-2 can

  2019-07-10

  It is well established that Shp-2 can function as a substrate for several RTK, such as PDGF or EGFR [23], [36]. To test whether DDR1 recognizes Shp-2 as its substrate, we overexpressed a catalytically inactive Shp-2 mutant together with DDR1b in 293 cells [31]. Immunoprecipitation of Shp-2 followed by anti-phosphotyrosine Western blotting revealed a DDR1 activation-dependent phosphorylation of catalytically inactive Shp-2 (Fig. 4B).

• Funding This work was supported by

  2019-07-09

  Introduction Cancer is a pivotal health problem all over the world [1]. In spite of enormous advances achieved in diagnosis and treatment over the past decades, it still accounts for over 22000 deaths every day [2]. Until now, the exact cause of cancer is still unknown.

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