• Pyrintegrin pathway Several research groups have disclosed p

  2019-10-12

  

  Several research groups have disclosed potent and selective DGAT-1 inhibitors from several chemically-distinct series. Pre-clinical studies with these compounds have confirmed that small molecule DGAT-1 inhibitors can elicit metabolic outcomes comparable to those observed in DGAT-1−/− mice.19, 20, 2

• br Electron transfer pathway Intramolecular or inter domain

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  Electron transfer pathway Intramolecular (or inter-domain) electron transfer (IET) in CDH has been studied in much depth [], and similar IET occurs in CcPDH, from the PQQ cofactor in the AA12 domain to the heme b in the AA8 domain. When two kinds of electron acceptors are used for measuring enzym

• At the cellular level TGF has

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  At the cellular level, TGF-β1 has been involved in the formation of invadosomes (Mandal et al., 2008, Varon et al., 2006). Invadosomes are actin-based structures involved in matrix degradation and cell invasion through metalloproteinases (MMP) activity (Linder et al., 2011). Invadosomes, constitutiv

• Elevated production of cysLTs in asthma and rhinitis

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  Elevated production of cysLTs in Caspase-3, human recombinant proteinase and rhinitis in general and aspirin-sensitive disease in particular10, 11, 26, 27 has been implicated in causing epithelial cell activation and excessive mucus secretion, which characterize these diseases.2, 28 It is of parti

• R co localizes Golgi marker GM Fig Our

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  R co-localizes Golgi marker GM130 (Fig. 5). Our metabolic pulse-chase studies carried out in the presence of CSF-1 exposed the newly synthesized CSF-1R to its ligand, which promoted its rapid degradation. While this was clearly seen in control BMDMs, the mature band of CSF-1R remained intact for the

• Finally considering the encouraging inhibitory and selectivi

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  Finally, considering the encouraging inhibitory and selectivity properties of compound and against isolated CK1δ, we have also acquired a very preliminary cytotoxicity profile on human ovarian carcinoma cell line (2008) and on its cisplatin-resistant clone (C13). Results showed that after 48h of exp

• The mitogen activated protein kinase MAPK family which consi

  2019-10-12

  

  The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, which consists of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), p38 MAPK, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), is involved in the development of NP (Hung et al., 2012, Ji et al., 2009). Recently, Zhuang et al. (2005) demonstrated that t

• Spinal cord injury leads to an extensive inflammatory cascad

  2019-10-12

  

  Spinal cord injury leads to an extensive inflammatory cascade on spinal cord and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines can sensitize neurons, activating signaling pathways that will result in thermal and mechanical hypersensitivity [39]. In this regard, Guo and collaborators (2014) demonstrated

• br Competing interests br Acknowledgments This work was supp

  2019-10-12

  

  Competing interests Acknowledgments This work was supported by grants from Fujian Fujian Provincial Natural Science Foundation (2016J01612). Introduction Cancer is still one of the most serious diseases in the world. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), cancer is the second mo

• br Multi subunit RINGs There are RING

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  Multi-subunit RINGs There are RING-type E3s that exist as multi-subunit assemblies (see Fig. 3B). A striking example is the Cullin RING Ligase (CRL) superfamily [35], which exhibits enormous plasticity in substrate specificity. Each CRL subfamily is characterized by a cullin protein (Cul-1, 2, 3,

• Dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitors DPP is or gliptins stimulate

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  Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4is or gliptins) stimulate both post-meal insulin secretion and inhibit 5402 and secretion in a glucose-dependent manner, rendering the risk of hypoglycaemia minimal [10]. They are weight-neutral or may even induce slight weight loss. Their good efficacy has b

• br STAR Methods br Acknowledgments We thank Genevi

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  STAR★Methods Acknowledgments We thank Geneviève Almouzni, Sophie Polo, Ralph Scully, Wael Mansour, and Jeremy Stark for providing cell lines and Wolf Heyer, Haico van Attikum, Martijn Luijsterburg, and Brendan Price for helpful discussions. We thank Ratna Weimer, Bettina Basso, Christel Braun,

• For a physiologically relevant interaction ligand

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  For a physiologically relevant interaction, ligand and receptor have to be expressed in the same place. Collagen II is found primarily in cartilage. DDR2 is expressed in proliferating chondrocytes in vivo, and its staining pattern in tibial growth plates is similar to that of collagen II. In additio

• br Introduction Maintaining the normal

  2019-10-11

  

  Introduction Maintaining the normal function of fetal trophoblasts is essential for a successful pregnancy. Preeclampsia (PE), a pregnancy-specific disorder, is often associated with excessive trophoblast cell apoptosis and superficial trophoblast invasion leading to insufficient spiral artery re

• br Material and methods br Results br Discussion Cysticerci

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  Material and methods Results Discussion Cysticerci located in host tissues are exposed to several effector mechanisms of the immune system (Flisser et al., 1986; Sciutto et al., 2000; Amit et al., 2011; Singh et al., 2013). In addition, the extensive uptake of host proteins by cysticerci ha

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