• br Conclusions br Transparency document br Acknowledgements

  2023-11-24

  

  Conclusions Transparency document Acknowledgements This work was supported by a grant from the European Commission FP6 “Neuroprion” – Network of Excellence and Royal Veterinary College Bioveterinary science research project funding. We thank Professor Alun Williams (Cambridge University) fo

• br Acknowledgments and Disclosures br Introduction

  2023-11-24

  

  Acknowledgments and Disclosures Introduction Over the last decade, the most visible strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been amyloid β peptide (Aβ) immunotherapy (reviewed in [1]). Although the first efforts with Aβ immunotherapy failed to complete clinical trials [1], A

• Pathogen infected macrophages release exosomes associating w

  2023-11-24

  

  Pathogen-infected Carmoxirole hydrochloride release exosomes associating with pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) such as LPS and lipoprotein derived from microorganisms [29,30]. Exosomes released by bacterially infected, but not uninfected, macrophages stimulate macrophages to release in

• Analyses of brain CSCs isolated from pediatric and

  2023-11-24

  

  Analyses of Cathepsin K Activity Fluorometric Assay Kit CSCs isolated from 24 pediatric and six adult brain tumors detected ALDH levels proportional to tumor type and aggressiveness. ALDH-expressing cells (ALDH+) formed spheroids while ALDH1 pharmacological inhibition by a combination of DEAB and

• br Role of OCT in histamine

  2023-11-24

  

  Role of OCT3 in histamine clearance Histamine is a powerful neuromodulator, as well as a regulator of immune processes and vascular tone in the central nervous system (Gross, 1981; Haas et al., 2008; Jutel et al., 2006). In contrast to 5-HT and the catecholamines, a high-affinity transporter for

• Furthermore stress hormones can indirectly induce DNA damage

  2023-11-24

  

  Furthermore, stress hormones can indirectly induce DNA damage, for example by altering DNA repair and transcriptional regulation of the cell cycle. It has been found that stress hormones induce the up-regulation of checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) and checkpoint kinase 2 (Chk2) and proto-oncogene cell div

• We have previously reported that

  2023-11-24

  

  We have previously reported that interfering with Capsaicin assembly dynamics by knocking down cofilin-1 in hMSCs increased polymerized actin that promoted osteoblast cell differentiation through a mechanism of enhancing focal adhesion kinase (FAK), p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling (

• Both subcutaneous s c and

  2023-11-24

  

  Both subcutaneous (s.c.) and mucosal administration of short synthetic peptide derivatives of AChR prevent the onset of EAMG, but do not treat ongoing EAMG [80], [81], [82], [83], [84], [85]. The selection of peptides for treatment is mainly based on the identification of immunodominant T- and B-cel

• The srd a isoforms showed

  2023-11-24

  

  The srd5a isoforms showed unique expression profiles in early FHM development (Fig. 2). Similar to amphibian embryos, there was a high abundance of both srd5a1 and srd5a3 at 1dpf in FHMs, suggesting that mRNA for these enzymes may be maternally deposited and that these enzymes may play a key role in

• Pompe disease is accompanied by

  2023-11-23

  

  Pompe disease is accompanied by the deficiency of the lysosomal α-1,4-glucosidase that makes the cam kinase unable to hydrolyze glycogen to glucose, thereby resulting in the accumulation of glycogen in lysosomes, especially in skeletal muscles and cardiac tissues. This accumulation results in the s

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion I R

  2023-11-23

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion I/R injury is characterized by myocardial damage triggered by the ischemic insult followed by reperfusion injury. While the primary insult depends mainly on the severity and duration of blood flow restriction and the breakdown of ATP-dependent Galant

• Since immunoassays cannot specifically quantify each apelin

  2023-11-23

  

  Since immunoassays cannot specifically quantify each apelin peptide, a more reliable approach, mass spectrometry (MS) has been used recently to quantify and characterize apelin fragments in plasma. Using this technology, Zhen et al. showed that [Pyr-1]-apelin-13 was the major apelin form present in

• br Conflicts of interest br Contributors

  2023-11-23

  

  Conflicts of interest Contributors Introduction Lipid oxidation and enzymatic activities are some of the most significant problems in the food industry. These reactions lead to changes in chemical composition which in turn reduce the quality and shelf life of food products. Most of the anti

• HMGN proteins are subject to extensive post translational mo

  2023-11-23

  

  HMGN proteins are subject to extensive post-translational modifications which influence both their mode of binding to peptide receptors and their functional activity. Like the other HMG protein families, HMGNs are substrates for many of the same enzymes that modify histone proteins (review in [175]

• The reasons why antibiotic treatment may be

  2023-11-23

  

  The reasons why antibiotic treatment may be detrimental are diverse. First, it may result in disruption of multifaceted microbe–microbe, as well as microbe–host, interactions that are key for the maintenance of homeostasis within this ecosystem. This can lead to the expansion of pathogenic microorga

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